There is no psychological state quite as heady or painful as obsessive love.
In the early stages of obsessive love, or infatuation, we feel exuberance, mood swings, craving, and heightened awareness. The world is a stage for our passions. And there is only one individual amongst 6 billion who can make us happy.
But if the love ends -- or is not reciprocated -- our worlds flip upside down, and our minds turn traitorous. We struggle with intense longing, depression, frustration, and distress. We crash as though plummeting off a wild narcotic trip.
What causes these radical mood changes? And for those who remain painfully obsessed, is there a way to control them?
Though psychologists have studied love in its various forms for decades, scientists have only recently attempted to examine the neurochemical changes that occur with love.
Falling in Love. The heady exuberance, elation, increased energy, and fixation we feel when newly in love is triggered by increased dopamine and norepinephrine activity in the "reward and pleasure" areas of our brains, the ventral tegmental and caudate nucleus. Nerve growth factor (NGF) levels increase, too, which serve to protect and stimulate nerve cells.
Additionally, and perhaps most significantly, serotonin levels drop precipitously. One Italian research team found that serotonin levels for people newly in love were 40% lower than those of "normal" control subjects, but were the same as for individuals diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Happily Ever After... Or Not. The high dopamine levels of eager new lovers who transition into happy monogamous relationships eventually decline. With this comes a lessening of that "romantic high" experienced in the first few months of the union. But concurrently, levels of oxytocin, a hormone promoting feelings of connectedness, increase for the couple. One research study showed that when oxytocin receptors are blocked in rodents, the animals fail to form monogamous attachments and roam instead.
But for those whose love is unrequited, serotonin levels may remain low, provoking continued feelings of obsession, craving, and frustration.
Is there a remedy for this?
Cures for the Cravings. Helen Fisher, PhD, a renowned anthropologist and leading researcher in human sexuality, believes that Prozac and other serotonin-enhancing drugs blunt emotions and suppress romantic feelings. These anti-depressants may reduce the suffering experienced by those who have been rejected or deeply hurt in love.
But Fisher also cautions that serotonin-enhancing anti-depressants possibly can decrease love feelings between partners in healthy relationships.
The Future. What else may be on the pharmaceutical horizon for the broken-hearted? Suggestions include "crush patches" which could release phenylalanine, an amino acid that has anti-depressant effects; and drugs to increase pineal gland production of melatonin and vasotocin, two biochemicals that may lessen romantic feelings.
Would the eventual remedying of unrequited love through drugs be a bad thing?
Responded one wag at halfbakery.com: "The only negative effect that immediately comes to mind is that poets and songwriters may have less material to work with."
SOURCES:
Anti-Unrequited Love Drug, http://www.halfbakery.com/idea/Anti-unrequited-love_20drug
Crush Patches, http://www.halfbakery.com/idea/Crush_20Patches
Emanuele, E., et al., Raised plasma nerve growth factor levels associated with early-stage romantic love, http://www.biopsychiatry.com/lovengf.htm
Fisher, Helen, PhD, Do Sexual Side Effects of Most Antidepressants Jeopardize Romantic Love and Marriage? http://www.medscape.com/viewprogram/3201
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/482059_2
Marazziti, Z., et al., Alteration of the platelet serotonin transporter in romantic love, http://www.biopsychiatry.com/lovesero.htm
Shoja, Mohammed, et al., A cure for infatuation?: The potential ‘therapeutic’ role of pineal gland products such as melatonin and vasotocin in attenuating romantic love, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WN2-4MYFG27-1&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=c0dfa3b54361a5b5a81c6ad5a6f5e2b5
Slater, Lauren, True Love, http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-human-body/human-body/true-love.html